Can the Lorenz-gauge potentials be considered physical quantities?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Two results support the idea that the scalar and vector potentials in the Lorenz gauge can be considered to be physical quantities: (i) they separately satisfy the properties of causality and propagation at the speed of light and do not imply spurious terms and (ii) they can naturally be written in a manifestly covariant form. In this paper we introduce expressions for the Lorenz-gauge potentials at the present time in terms of electric and magnetic fields at the retarded time. These expressions provide a third result in favour of a physical interpretation of the Lorenz-gauge potentials: (iii) they can be regarded as causal effects of the observed electric and magnetic fields.
منابع مشابه
Lorenz or Coulomb in Galilean Electromagnetism ?
Galilean Electromagnetism was discovered thirty years ago by Levy-Leblond & Le Bellac. However, these authors only explored the consequences for the fields and not for the potentials. Following De Montigny & al., we show that the Coulomb gauge condition is the magnetic limit of the Lorenz gauge condition whereas the Lorenz gauge condition applies in the electric limit of Lévy-Leblond & Le Bella...
متن کاملPotentials for a Hertzian Oscillating Dipole
1 Problem Give expressions for the potentials of a Hertzian (point) oscillating dipole in various gauges. The form of Maxwell's equations for the fields E and B permit these fields to be related to potentials V and A according to, E = −∇V − 1 c ∂A ∂t , B ∇ × A, (1) in Gaussian units, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the potentials obeys the wave equations, ∇ 2 V + 1 c ∂ ∂t ∇ · A = −...
متن کاملParametric Lorenz Curves and its Relationship with Reliability Indicators
The problem of poverty can not be considered without paying care to the topic of income distribution. In fact, the concept of poverty refers to the lowest class in the distribution of income, and inequality in the income distribution is related to all stages of society. Based on the income distributions that are unfairly priced, many indices have been developed to measure the size of inequality...
متن کاملPotentials of a uniformly moving point charge in the Coulomb gauge *
The Coulomb-gauge vector potential of a uniformly moving point charge is obtained by calculating the gauge function for the transformation between the Lorenz and Coulomb gauges. The expression obtained for the difference between the vector potentials in the two gauges is shown to satisfy a Poisson equation to which the inhomogeneous wave equation for this quantity can be reduced. The right-hand...
متن کاملNew gauge for computing effective potentials in spontaneously broken gauge theories.
A new class of renormalizable gauges is introduced that is particularly well suited to compute effective potentials in spontaneously broken gauge theories. It allows one to keep free gauge parameters when computing the effective potential from vacuum graphs or tadpoles without encountering mixed propagators of would-be-Goldstone bosons and longitudinal modes of the gauge field. As an illustrati...
متن کامل